, manufacturing processes, product promotion, advertising, and product labeling. The FDA also regulates the company’s Consumer Healthcare and Animal Health products. Other federal agencies, including the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, also regulate some of its products. In addition, majority of the company’s activities are subject to the jurisdiction of other federal regulatory and enforcement departments and agencies, such as the Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Inspector General, the Federal Trade Commission (which also has the authority to regulate the advertising of consumer healthcare products, including over-the-counter drugs and dietary supplements), the Department of Justice, and the Securities and Exchange Commission. Research and Development The company spent $7.9 billion on research and development in 2012. As of December 31, 2012, it had 276 projects in research and development, ranging from discovery through registration, of which 78 programs are in Phase 1 through registration, with the remainder of the projects in pre-clinical development. Significant Events In March 2013, KineMed Inc. announced the renewal of a non-exclusive research collaboration with Pfizer Inc. for the advancement of novel approaches towards metabolic disease, in particular Type II Diabetes. In April 2013, BIND Therapeutics announced that it has entered into a global collaboration agreement with Pfizer Inc. to develop and commercialize Accurins utilizing select small molecule targeted therapies. The collaboration aims to employ BIND's Medicinal Nanoengineering platform to impart tissue and cellular targeting capabilities to molecularly targeted drugs. In April 2013, MaRS Innovation announced the formation of a strategic partnership with Pfizer Inc. to advance early-stage technologies related to human health in therapeutics and diagnostics. In April 2013, Merck & Co. Inc. and Pfizer Inc. announced that they have entered into a worldwide (except Japan) collaboration agreement for the development and commercialization of Pfizer's ertugliflozin (PF-04971729), an investigational oral sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT2) inhibitor being evaluated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In June 2013, CytomX Therapeutics, Inc. announced that it has entered into a global strategic collaboration with Pfizer Inc. to develop and commercialize multiple Probody-Drug Conjugates (PDCs). CytomX's novel Probody Platform brings to the collaboration a proprietary, highly differentiated approach to developing antibody-drug conjugates. History Pfizer Inc. was founded in 1849. The company was incorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware in 1942.