Segment QWI segment consist of four divisions, including QES division, QIS division, QGOV division, and Firethorn division. QES Division: QES provides equipment, software and services to enable companies to wirelessly manage their assets and workforce. QES offers satellite- and terrestrial-based two-way wireless connectivity and position location services to transportation and logistics fleets that permit customers to track the location and monitor performance of their assets, communicate with their personnel and collect data. The QES division markets and sells products through a sales force, partnerships and distributors based in the United States, Europe, Latin America and Canada. QIS Division: QIS provides software products and content enablement services to wireless operators worldwide to support and accelerate the growth and advancement of wireless data products and services. The company offers Brew and Plaza platform products and services for wireless applications development, device configuration, application distribution and billing and payment. It also offers Xiam wireless content discovery and recommendation products to help wireless operators improve usage and adoption of digital content and services by presenting relevant and targeted offers to customers across all digital channels. The QChat product enables one-to-one (private) and one-to-many (group) push-to-talk (PTT) calls over 3G networks. The technology also allows over-the-air upgrades of mobile device software, management of group membership by subscribers and ad-hoc creation of chat groups. The company sells equipment, software and services to transportation and other companies to wirelessly connect their assets and workforce. The company’s Brew products and services enable wireless operators, device manufacturers and software developers to provide over-the-air and pre-loaded wireless applications and services. Its Plaza products and services enable wireless operators, device manufacturers and publishers to create and distribute mobile content across various platforms and devices. Competition: Competing offerings to the Brew and Plaza products primarily include device manufacturer application and widget stores, such as Apple’s App Store for the iPhone platform. QGOV division: QGOV provides development and other services and related products involving wireless communications technologies to government agencies and their contractors. Firethorn division: Firethorn has a pilot of a new product application trademarked as Pay, which is marketed on a standalone basis to quick serve restaurants and retailers. The Pay service enables consumers to make payments to quick serve restaurants and retailers on their mobile devices at the point of sale. QSI Segment QSI makes strategic investments that would open new opportunities for its technologies, support the design and introduction of new products and services for voice and data communications or possess capabilities or technology. Other Businesses QMT Division: QMT intends to license its next generation interferometric modulator (IMOD) display technology. Its IMOD display technology, based on a micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) structure combined with thin film optics, is intended to provide performance and power consumption benefits as compared to other display technologies. Research and Development For the year ended September 30, 2012, the company’s research and development expenditures included approximately $3.9 billion. Patents, Trademarks, and Trade Secrets The company has a portfolio of United States and foreign patents, and continues to pursue patent applications worldwide. Its patents have coverage in various countries, including China, Japan, South Korea, Europe, Brazil, India, Taiwan, and elsewhere. History QUALCOMM Incorporated was founded in 1985. The company was incorporated in 1985 under the laws of the state of California. In 1991, the company reincorporated in the state of Delaware.